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TAAF Sailing The Lost Franklin Expedition 2004 Liszt
Franklin's Lost Expedition of 1845–1847 was an expedition led by Sir John Franklin in 1845. As an officer in the Royal Navy and an experienced explorer, he was involved in three Arctic ventures, two of them as a commander. At the age of 59, Franklin embarked on his fourth expedition. Its purpose was to explore the unknown part of the Northwest Passage and complete its discovery. However, the expedition on two ships with 129 crew members, including Franklin himself, disappeared.
Under pressure from Franklin's wife and the public, the Admiralty did not begin the search until 1848. Partly because of Franklin's notoriety, and partly because of the Admiralty's offer of rewards, many outside expeditions joined the search. In 1850, eleven British and two American ships searched for the missing at the same time. Some of them were found near Beechey Island, where the first traces of the expedition were found - the graves of three members of its crew.
In 1854, physician and traveler John Ray, while studying the topography of the Canadian coast of the Arctic Ocean south of King William Island, recorded the stories of local Eskimos and received from their hands objects belonging to Franklin's people. Based on Inuit accounts, John Ray was the first to suggest cannibalism among the members of the missing expedition, causing the anger of the British public. In particular, the writer Charles Dickens entered into a heated polemic with Ray in the pages of the British press, declaring ""the fundamental impossibility of cannibalism among the sailors of the Royal British Navy.""
In 1859, a search expedition led by Francis Leopold McClintock discovered a note left on King William Island detailing the fate of those who had disappeared until the spring of 1848. The search continued throughout the second half of the XIX century. The greatest success here was achieved in the 1860s by the American traveler and journalist Charles Francis Hall, who confirmed the hypothesis of cannibalism.
In 1981, a team of scientists led by Owen Beatty, a professor of anthropology at the University of Alberta, began a series of scientific studies of the graves, bodies, and other artifacts left behind by Franklin's expedition to Beechey and King William Islands. They concluded that the crew members whose graves were found on Beechey Island were most likely dead of pneumonia and possibly tuberculosis, amid a general deterioration in health due to lead poisoning due to poorly rationed cans in which food was stored. However, it was later suggested that the source of the poisoning may not have been canned food, but the distilled water supply system installed on the ships of the expedition. Marks on human bones found on King William Island were seen as signs of cannibalism. From the combined data of all researchers, it follows that the causes of death of all members of the expedition were hunger, hypothermia, lead poisoning and diseases (including scurvy), along with the general impact of extreme environmental conditions in the absence of appropriate clothing and food. In September 2014, almost 170 years after the disappearance of the expedition, Canadian scientists found the skeleton of one of the expedition vessels, the flagship HMS Erebus, and on September 3, 2016, the well-preserved hull of HMS Terror was discovered near Beechey Island in Nunavut Bay by the crew of the research vessel Martin Bergman.
The Victorian media portrayed Sir Franklin as a hero, despite the expedition's failure and evidence of cannibalism. Songs were written about him, monuments were erected in Franklin's hometown of Spilsby, in London and Tasmania, and many geographical features were named after him. In 1852, he was posthumously promoted to the rank of rear admiral.
Under pressure from Franklin's wife and the public, the Admiralty did not begin the search until 1848. Partly because of Franklin's notoriety, and partly because of the Admiralty's offer of rewards, many outside expeditions joined the search. In 1850, eleven British and two American ships searched for the missing at the same time. Some of them were found near Beechey Island, where the first traces of the expedition were found - the graves of three members of its crew.
In 1854, physician and traveler John Ray, while studying the topography of the Canadian coast of the Arctic Ocean south of King William Island, recorded the stories of local Eskimos and received from their hands objects belonging to Franklin's people. Based on Inuit accounts, John Ray was the first to suggest cannibalism among the members of the missing expedition, causing the anger of the British public. In particular, the writer Charles Dickens entered into a heated polemic with Ray in the pages of the British press, declaring ""the fundamental impossibility of cannibalism among the sailors of the Royal British Navy.""
In 1859, a search expedition led by Francis Leopold McClintock discovered a note left on King William Island detailing the fate of those who had disappeared until the spring of 1848. The search continued throughout the second half of the XIX century. The greatest success here was achieved in the 1860s by the American traveler and journalist Charles Francis Hall, who confirmed the hypothesis of cannibalism.
In 1981, a team of scientists led by Owen Beatty, a professor of anthropology at the University of Alberta, began a series of scientific studies of the graves, bodies, and other artifacts left behind by Franklin's expedition to Beechey and King William Islands. They concluded that the crew members whose graves were found on Beechey Island were most likely dead of pneumonia and possibly tuberculosis, amid a general deterioration in health due to lead poisoning due to poorly rationed cans in which food was stored. However, it was later suggested that the source of the poisoning may not have been canned food, but the distilled water supply system installed on the ships of the expedition. Marks on human bones found on King William Island were seen as signs of cannibalism. From the combined data of all researchers, it follows that the causes of death of all members of the expedition were hunger, hypothermia, lead poisoning and diseases (including scurvy), along with the general impact of extreme environmental conditions in the absence of appropriate clothing and food. In September 2014, almost 170 years after the disappearance of the expedition, Canadian scientists found the skeleton of one of the expedition vessels, the flagship HMS Erebus, and on September 3, 2016, the well-preserved hull of HMS Terror was discovered near Beechey Island in Nunavut Bay by the crew of the research vessel Martin Bergman.
The Victorian media portrayed Sir Franklin as a hero, despite the expedition's failure and evidence of cannibalism. Songs were written about him, monuments were erected in Franklin's hometown of Spilsby, in London and Tasmania, and many geographical features were named after him. In 1852, he was posthumously promoted to the rank of rear admiral.
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